阴极保护检查片接地电阻数值模拟与实验研究

目的研究阴极保护检查片结构及埋设方式对其接地电阻的影响。方法基于边界元平台建立常用检查片的边界元模型,从检查片形状、裸露面积、壳体大小、埋深和土壤电阻率等方面探讨其对检查片接地电阻的影响及规律,计算了检查片接地电阻在检查片对地总电阻中的比重,并将检查片接地电阻的实验值与边界元模拟结果进行对比。结果随着极化电位负移,检查片接地电阻所占比重增大,最大接近95%。检查片裸露面积从6.5cm~2增加至50cm~2,其接地电阻降低约1/2。同一裸露面积下,圆形检查片接地电阻最大,长方形的最小,两者相差1.7倍左右。当壳体面积为检查片7倍等效圆直径面积时,接地电阻接近最大值,检查片接地电阻随土壤电阻率增大而成倍增加。在单一土壤环境中,检查片埋深在0.2 m以下时,接地电阻变化小于2%。在边界元模拟结果中,0.2 m埋深处,6.5 cm~2圆形检查片接地电阻模拟值比实验值小1.4%,6.5cm~2棒状检查片接地电阻模拟值比实验值小6.3%。结论接地电阻的实验结果与边界元模拟结果具有较好的一致性,模型合理。     

Sustainable control strategies for plant protection and food packaging sectors by natural substances and novel nanotechnological approaches

An overview is provided of the current technological strategies (also at the nanoscale level) recently involved in plant and/or food protection. In addition, the potential use of natural and sustainable substances, instead of traditional synthesized molecules or chemical-based compounds, is addressed both with respect to packaging systems and novel pesticide formulations. In this context, nanotechnological approaches represent promising strategies for the entire agriculture industry chain, from the field to consumers. Traditional plant protection strategies are often insufficient and the application of chemical-based pesticides has negative effects on animals, humans and the environment. Novel greener tools could represent efficient alternatives for the management of plant diseases using promising strategies; the use of nanotechnologies allows the promotion of the more efficient assembly and subsequent release of environmentally sustainable active principles, limiting the use of chemicals in terms of economic losses. At the same time, new sustainable, antimicrobial and antioxidant systems have been rapidly promoted and investigated in the food packaging sector as a valid eco-friendly possibility for improving the safety and quality of food products and reducing and/or limiting the environmental impact with respect to traditional materials. Together, the scientific community and the growing interest of consumers have promoted the development of new edible and eco-friendly packaging that reduces waste and any environmental impact. In this context, the aim is to provide evidence of the usefulness of strategies aiming to limit agrochemicals, as well as the potential of nanomaterials, in sustainable plant and food protection for agriculture management and the packaging sector. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Thermal insulation and anti-vibration properties of MoSi2-based coating on mullite fiber insulation tiles

Thermal protection materials with excellent thermal insulation properties and high reliability are crucial for aerospace vehicle. Mullite fiber insulation tiles coated with MoSi₂-borosilicate glass (MFIT@MoSi₂) were prepared by a simple slurry method. Results shown that the surface temperature rapidly reached 1043.1 °C under the heat flux of 450 kW/m², while the cold-surface remained at room temperature. The adjusting effects of MoSi₂-based coating on the thermal response and transfer properties of MFIT were investigated systematically. Compared with MFIT, the surface and internal temperatures of MFIT@MoSi₂ were obviously suppressed, due to the existence of MoSi₂-based coating with high emissivity, which effectively enhanced the thermal radiation of the surfaces. Finally, the structural reliability under coupled environment of heating (q₀ = 450 kW/m²) and random vibration with high magnitude (20–2000 Hz, Grms = 20 g) was also investigated. Destructive cracking and peeling of the coating were not observed, due to the excellent bonding strength between the coating and the substrate. The results provided an important basis for the potential application of insulation tiles with mullite fibers in aerospace vehicles and the design of lightweight thermal protection systems.     

Hydrophobic organic coating based water--solid TENG for water-flow energy collection and self-powered cathodic protection

Water–solid triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as new energy collection devices, have attracted increasing attention in ocean energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) coating, usually used on the surface of marine equipment, has the property of anti-aging and anti-wear but limits triboelectrical output when used with TENGs. In this paper, polyacrylic acid coating was modified with fluorinated polyacrylate resin (F-PAA) to increase its triboelectrical output, by 6 times, and also to increase its anti-corrosion property. In addition, the corrosion resistance property can be further enhanced by cathodic protection using the electrical output generated by the water-flow triboelectrical energy transfer process. Given their easy fabrication, water-flow energy harvesting, and corrosion resistance, PAA/F-PAA coating-based TENGs have promising applications in river and ocean energy collection and corrosion protection.     

Renoprotective Angiographic Polymersomes

Computed tomography (CT) angiography is powerful for the diagnosis of vascular diseases. Unfortunately, this method usually requires a high dosage of iodinated contrast agents, which can lead to severe elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within kidneys. This causes oxidative stress, apoptosis, and hence contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), a leading cause of iatrogenic renal failure, especially for patients with renal insufficiency. Herein, a route is shown to circumvent such problems with the usage of rationally designed renoprotective angiographic polymersomes (RAPs) as blood pool CT contrast agents. RAPs are biodegradable nanoparticles prepared via self-assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(triiodobenzoic chloride-conjugated polylysine-stat-phenylboronic acid pinacol ester-conjugated polylysine) (PEO₄₅-b-P[(Lys-IBC)₄₅-stat-(Lys-PAPE)₁₅]). The key to the efficiency of such nanoparticles as renoprotective contrast agents arises from the rationally chosen repeat units: Lys-IBC exhibits a concentration-dependent X-ray attenuation capability and Lys-PAPE introduces an ROS-scavenging ability to the polymersome. The study shows that RAPs can reduce the risk of CIN in mice with kidney injury. Additionally, a 5-fold increase in angiographic live time is observed using RAPs, compared to commonly used iodinated small molecule contrast agents. In summary, a new strategy is proposed for the design of a renoprotective angiographic contrast agent that is capable of reducing the risk of CIN.     

马铃薯渣综合利用研究现状及进展

马铃薯渣是马铃薯淀粉加工产业的一种副产物,常被作为垃圾废弃掉,造成资源浪费和环境污染。实际上,马铃薯渣中含有许多有价值的成分,具有被开发利用的潜力。目前,马铃薯渣的综合利用主要集中在以下几方面:提取膳食纤维和果胶;制备高蛋白高能量饲料;制备新型黏合剂、胶黏剂和吸附材料;制备燃料酒精、生物质混合燃料和能量气体;制备种曲、醋、酱油及可食性膜等。综述了马铃薯渣目前综合利用的研究现状及进展。     

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) by-products and their impact: from bioactive compounds to biomass energy and sorbent material for removing contaminants. A review

Avocado industry produces enormous by-products and represents an important source of raw material in food and non-food applications. This review aims to focus the attention on the valorisation of avocado wastes recycling to produce different materials with important industrial and environmental impacts. In fact, peels and seeds can be reused in food and cosmetic fields due to the presence of bioactive ingredients such as polyphenols; thanks to their antioxidant and antinflammatory activities. In addition, both peels and seeds can be reused in the production of carbonaceous materials with important consequences for environmental pollution in the removal of contaminants from water. Interesting applications of avocado wastes in photocatalysis and biofuel production are also discussed. All the utilisations attest the great potential of recycling avocado by-products, a little known resource.     

SGLT2is and Renal Protection: From Biological Mechanisms to Real-World Clinical Benefits

In recent years, following the publication of results from several RCTs, first on cardiovascular and more recently on renal outcomes, SGLT2is have become the standard of care to prevent diabetic kidney disease and slow its progression. This narrative review focuses on biological mechanisms, both renal and extrarenal, underlying kidney protection with SGLT2is. Furthermore, data from cardiovascular as well as renal outcome trials, mostly conducted in diabetic patients, are presented and discussed to provide an overview of current uses as well as the future therapeutic potential of these drugs.     

硫化氢腐蚀与防护

本文分析了硫化氢的腐蚀机理,列举了硫化氢腐蚀的影响因素,总结了常用的防护措施。现场实践证明,只有针对性的研究介质类型和运行条件,才能制定出相应的防护措施,最终达到确保系统安全运行的目的。     

草莓（Fragaria × ananassa）叶水提物对UVB致 皮肤损伤的保护作用

在草莓叶水提物（Strawberry leaf water extract，SLWE）制备基础上，测定SLWE成分，抗氧化活性、抑制非酶糖基化（NEG）能力，及SLWE对正常生长人皮肤成纤维细胞（HFF-1）细胞活率、透明质酸（HA）、人I型胶原蛋白（COL I）、羟脯氨酸（HYP）、基质金属蛋白酶1（MMP-1）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）含量，评价SLWE延缓皮肤衰老功效。在中波紫外线（UVB）致HFF-1损伤模型基础上，测定SLWE对保护组活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）、MMP-1和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的影响，探讨SLWE对UVB致HFF-1损伤保护机制。结果表明：SLWE富含Vc、槲皮素、绿原酸、没食子酸及儿茶素类物质，其中槲皮素含量12.86 mg/L，表儿茶素含量10.13 mg/L。SLWE自由基清除能力良好，清除不同自由基能力依次为O2-?＞DPPH＞ABTS＞亚铁离子螯和＞?OH；水溶液体积分数为1%的SLWE非酶糖基化抑制率为87.17%；体积分数大于3%的SLWE可提高HFF-1中HA、COL I和HYP含量（p＜0.05），体积分数为6%的SLWE可降低MMP-1含量（p＜0.01），说明SLWE具有提升皮肤含水量，增加胶原含量，抑制胶原降解，实现延缓衰老的功效；在SLWE对UVB致HFF-1损伤保护模型中，SLWE可有效降低因UVB刺激而产生的ROS，体积分数6%的SLWE可显著降MDA，抑制MMP-1表达，提高SOD活力，说明SLWE有助于缓解氧化应激造成的细胞损伤。